Stanford University is home to 20 living Nobel laureates.
Sixteen additional Stanford laureates are deceased. The business of “claiming” laureates can be controversial: Where and when was a winner’s work done? Stanford, for example, lists but does not claim laureates who are not on the faculty, even if they have a significant Stanford connection. And Stanford does not list winners with a more fleeting or tenuous connection. John Steinbeck, the 1962 literature winner, for instance, did not make the cut although he attended Stanford – receiving a “C” in freshman English in 1919 and dropping out in 1921, only to reenter the university as a journalism major in 1923 and drop out again in 1925.
Carolyn Bertozzi
Chemistry (2022) Carolyn Bertozzi, the Baker Family Director of Sarafan ChEM-H, the Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor in the School of Humanities and Sciences, and professor, by courtesy, of chemical and systems biology and of radiology, won the 2022 Nobel Prize in chemistry. She shares the prize with K. Barry Sharpless, PhD ’68, of Scripps Research and Morton Meldal of the University of Copenhagen. They were cited “for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry.”
Guido Imbens
Economic Sciences (2021) Guido Imbens, the Applied Econometrics Professor at Stanford Graduate School of Business, professor of economics in the School of Humanities and Sciences, and senior fellow at the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, won the 2021 Nobel Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences. He shares the prize with Josh Angrist of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and David Card of the University of California, Berkeley. Imbens and Angrist were honored for “their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships.” David Card was honored for “his empirical contributions to labour economics.”
Paul Milgrom
Economic Sciences (2020) Paul Milgrom, the Shirley R. and Leonard W. Ely, Jr. Professor in the School of Humanities and Sciences, won the 2020 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. He shares the prize with Robert Wilson, also of Stanford University. The pair were honored “for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats.”
Robert Wilson
Economic Sciences (2020) Robert Wilson, the Adams Distinguished Professor of Management, Emeritus, at Stanford Graduate School of Business, won the 2020 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. He shares the prize with Paul Milgrom, also of Stanford University. The pair were honored “for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats.”
W.E. Moerner
Chemistry (2014) W.E. Moerner, the Harry S. Mosher Professor of Chemistry at Stanford, won the 2014 Nobel Prize in chemistry. He shares the prize with Eric Betzig, of Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Stefan W. Hell, of the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, in Germany. The three were honored “for having bypassed a presumed scientific limitation stipulating that an optical microscope can never yield a resolution better than 0.2 micrometers.”
Michael Levitt
Chemistry (2013) Michael Levitt, the Robert W. and Vivian K. Cahill Professor in Cancer Research in the School of Medicine and professor of structural biology, won the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He shares the prize with Martin Karplus of Université de Strasbourg, France, and Harvard University, and Arieh Warshel of the University of Southern California. The three were honored “for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems.”
Thomas Südhof
Medicine (2013) Thomas Südhof, the Avram Goldstein Professor in the School of Medicine and professor of molecular and cellular physiology, won the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He shares the award with James Rothman of Yale University and Randy Schekman of UC-Berkeley. The three are honored “for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells.”
Brian Kobilka
Chemistry (2012) Brian Kobilka, MD, the Hélène Irwin Fagan Chair in Cardiology in the School of Medicine and professor of molecular and cellular physiology, won the 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on G-protein-coupled receptors, or GPCRs.
Alvin Roth
Economic Sciences (2012) Roth, PhD ’74, the Craig and Susan McCaw Professor in the School of Humanities and Sciences, a professor of economics and a senior fellow at the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, is a pioneer in the field of game theory and experimental economics and in their application to the design of new economic institutions. He was cited with Lloyd S. Shapley “for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design.”
Thomas J. Sargent
Economic Sciences (2011) Thomas J. Sargent, senior fellow (adjunct) at the Hoover Institution, shared the 2011 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel with Christopher A. Sims for research that shed light on the cause-and-effect relationship between the economy and policy instruments such as interest rates and government spending.
Andrew Fire
Medicine (2006) Andrew Fire, the George D. Smith Professor in Molecular and Genetic Medicine and Professor of Pathology and Genetics, along with Craig Mello of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, won the Nobel Prize Physiology or Medicine in 2006. They were cited “for their discovery of RNA interference – gene silencing by double-stranded RNA.”
Roger Kornberg
Chemistry (2006) Roger Kornberg, the Mrs. George A. Winzer Professor in Medicine and professor of structural biology, won the 2006 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in understanding how DNA is converted into RNA, a process known as transcription. In 2001 Kornberg published the first molecular snapshot of the protein machinery responsible – RNA polymerase – in action. The finding helped explain how cells express all the information in the human genome, and how that expression sometimes goes awry, leading to cancer, birth defects and other disorders.
A. Michael Spence
Economic Sciences (2001) A. Michael Spence, Philip H. Knight Professor, Emeritus, and former dean of Stanford Graduate School of Business; awarded the 2001 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences “for analyses of markets with asymmetric information.”
Joseph E. Stiglitz
Economic Sciences (2001) Joseph E. Stiglitz, Joan Kenney Professor of Economics, Emeritus; at Stanford 1974-1976 and 1988-2001. Awarded the 2001 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences “for analyses of markets with asymmetric information.”
Carl Wieman
Physics (2001) Carl Wieman, the Cheriton Professor in the School of Engineering, Emeritus, and professor emeritus of physics and of education, won the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics. He shares the award with Wolfgang Ketterle, John D. MacArthur Professor of Physics at MIT, and Eric A. Cornell, senior scientist at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and professor adjoint at the University of Colorado-Boulder and Stanford alumnus (1985). The three were honored “for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates.”
Robert Laughlin
Physics (1998) Robert Laughlin, the Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor in the School of Humanities and Sciences; professor of physics and applied physics. Awarded the 1998 Nobel Prize in physics with Horst L. Störmer and Daniel C. Tsui “for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations.”
Steven Chu
Physics (1997) Steven Chu, the William R. Kenan Jr. Professor in the School of Humanities and Sciences and professor of physics and of molecular and cellular physiology. Awarded the 1997 Nobel Prize in physics with Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and William D. Phillips “for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light.”
Myron S. Scholes
Economic Sciences (1997) Myron S. Scholes, the Frank E. Buck Professor of Finance, Emeritus, at Stanford Graduate School of Business. Awarded the 1997 Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel with Robert C. Merton “for a new method to determine the value of derivatives.”
Douglas Osheroff
Physics (1996) Douglas Osheroff, the J. G. Jackson and C. J. Wood Professor of Physics, Emeritus. Awarded the 1996 Nobel Prize in physics with David M. Lee and Robert C. Richardson “for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3.”
William F. Sharpe
Economic Sciences (1990) William F. Sharpe, the STANCO 25 Professor at Stanford Graduate School of Business, Emeritus. Awarded the 1990 Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel with Harry M. Markowitz and Merton H. Miller “for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics.”
Deceased
Kenneth J. Arrow
Economic Sciences (1972); died 2017; with John R. Hicks “for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory.” Arrow, the Joan Kenney Professor of Economics and Professor of Operations Research, Emeritus, was a member of the Stanford faculty from 1949 to 1968. He returned to Stanford in 1979 and became emeritus in 1991.
Gary Becker
Economic Sciences (1992); died 2014; “for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behavior and interaction, including nonmarket behavior.” Becker was a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution from 1990 until he died. He was also a professor at the University of Chicago.
Paul Berg
Chemistry (1980); died 2023; “for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant DNA.” The other half of the award went to Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger “for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids.” Berg, a professor of biochemistry, came to Stanford in 1959 and became emeritus in 2000.
Felix Bloch
Physics (1952); died 1983; with Edward Mills Purcell “for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith.” Bloch, a professor of physics, came to Stanford in 1934 and became emeritus in 1971.
Paul Flory
Chemistry (1974); died 1985; “for his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules.” Flory, a professor of chemistry, came to Stanford in 1961 and became emeritus in 1975.
Milton Friedman
Economics (1976); died 2006; awarded the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel “for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory, and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy.” Friedman was a senior research fellow at the Hoover Institution from 1977 until he died. He was also a professor emeritus at the University of Chicago.
Robert Hofstadter
Physics (1961); died 1990; “for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons.” Hofstadter, a professor of physics, came to Stanford in 1950 and became emeritus in 1985.
Arthur Kornberg
Medicine (1959) died 2007; Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine with Severo Ochoa “for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid.” Kornberg, a professor of biochemistry at the School of Medicine, came to Stanford in 1959 and became emeritus in 1988.
Douglass North
Economic sciences (1993); died 2015; with Robert W. Fogel “for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change.” North was the Bartlett Burnap Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution from 1997 to 2015.
Linus C. Pauling
Chemistry (1954); peace (1962); died 1994; at the time of the awards at the California Institute of Technology; chemistry: “for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances”; peace: for his efforts to bring about an international ban on nuclear testing and to promote world peace. Pauling, a professor of chemistry, came to Stanford in 1969 and became emeritus in 1975.
Martin Perl
Physics (1995); died 2014; “for the discovery of the tau lepton.” He shared the award “for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics” with Frederick Reines, who was cited “for the detection of the neutrino.” Perl, who came to Stanford in 1963, was a professor at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory until he died.
Burton Richter
Physics (1976); died 2018; with Samuel C.C. Ting “for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind.” Richter came to Stanford as a research associate in 1956 and joined the faculty in 1960. He became emeritus in 2006. He was director of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (now SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory) from 1984 to 1999.
Arthur L. Schawlow
Physics (1981); died 1999; with Nicolaas Bloembergen “for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy.” Schawlow, a professor of physics, came to Stanford in 1961 and became emeritus in 1991.
William Shockley
Physics (1956); died 1989; at the time of the award at the Semiconductor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments; with John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain “for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect.” Shockley, a professor of electrical engineering, came to Stanford in 1963 and became emeritus in 1975.
Henry Taube
Chemistry (1983); died 2005; “for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes.” Taube, a professor of chemistry, came to Stanford in 1962 and became emeritus in 2001.
Richard E. Taylor
Physics (1990); died 2018; with Jerome I. Friedman and Henry W. Kendall “for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics.” Taylor, who earned his PhD at Stanford in 1962, spent his career as a particle physicist at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University.
Other Nobel Connections
Ben Bernanke, economic sciences (2022), was on the economics faculty of Stanford Graduate School of Business 1979-1985. He shared the award with Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig “for research on banks and financial crises.”
Eric A. Cornell shared the 2001 physics prize with Carl E. Wieman and Wolfgang Ketterle “for creating Bose-Einstein condensation using laser cooling and evaporation techniques.” Cornell, a senior scientist at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and professor adjoint at the University of Colorado-Boulder, received his bachelor’s degree in physics from Stanford in 1985. Wieman received his doctorate from Stanford in 1977 and is a professor emeritus of physics and of education at Stanford University.
Louise Glück, literature (2020), at the time of the award was the Mohr Visiting Poet in the Creative Writing Program, a position she held from 2017 to 2020. She was cited “for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal.” Glück died in 2023.
Robert H. Grubbs, chemistry (2005), was an NIH postdoctoral fellow at Stanford in 1968-69 working with chemistry Professor James Collman. Grubbs, a professor of chemistry at Caltech, was cited with Yves Chauvin and Richard R. Schrock “for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis.” Grubbs died in 2021.
Theodor Hänsch, physics (2005), was at Stanford from 1970 to 1986 (postdoc–professor). Since 1986 at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich and the Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, he was cited with John L. Hall “for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique.” They share the Nobel Prize with Roy J. Glauber.
John C. Harsanyi, economic sciences (1994), earned a Stanford degree: PhD ’59 in economics. The University of California-Berkeley professor was cited with John F. Nash and Reinhard Selten “for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games.” Harsanyi died in 2000.
Dudley Herschbach, chemistry (1986), holds two Stanford degrees: BS ’54 in mathematics and MS ’55 in chemistry. The Harvard professor was cited with Yuan T. Lee and John C. Polanyi “for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes.”
Bengt Holmström, economic sciences (2016), holds two Stanford degrees: MS ’75 in operations research and PhD ’78 in business. The MIT professor was cited with Oliver Hart “for their contributions to contract theory.”
Paul Krugman, economic sciences (2008), of Princeton University is a former member of the Stanford faculty. He was cited “for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity.” Krugman was at Stanford from 1994 to 1996 (visiting professor in 1993-94).
Willis E. Lamb Jr., physics (1955), was a professor at Stanford at the time of his award; he left for Oxford University in 1956. Lamb was cited “for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum.” Lamb died in 2008.
Joshua Lederberg, physiology or medicine (1958), of the University of Wisconsin, Madison, at the time of his award, was chair of genetics at Stanford for several years. Lederberg shared the 1958 prize with two professors who left Stanford before they became Nobelists: George Beadle and Edward Tatum. Lederberg was cited “for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria.” Beadle and Tatum were cited “for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events.” Lederberg died in 2008; Beadle in 1989; Tatum in 1975.
Paul Modrich, chemistry (2015), received his PhD in biochemistry from Stanford in 1973. The professor of biochemistry at Duke University School of Medicine was cited with Tomas Lindahl and Aziz Sancar “for mechanistic studies of DNA repair.”
Ferid Murad, physiology or medicine (1998), of the University of Texas Medical School at Houston, was a former professor of medicine at Stanford. He was cited with Robert F. Furchgott and Louis J. Ignarro “for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system.” Murad died in 2023.
James E. Rothman, physiology or medicine (2013), of Yale University was a member of the Stanford faculty from 1978 to 1988. He was cited with Thomas C. Südhof, professor of molecular and cellular physiology at Stanford, and Randy W. Schekman “for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells.”
Randy W. Schekman, physiology or medicine (2013), holds a Stanford degree: PhD ’75 in biochemistry. Schekman is a professor of molecular and cell biology at the University of California, Berkeley. He was cited with Thomas C. Südhof, professor of molecular and cellular physiology at Stanford, and James E. Rothman “for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells.”
Melvin Schwartz, physics (1988), was a consulting professor at Stanford at the time of his award; he was a faculty member from 1966 to 1983. He shared the award with Leon M. Lederman and Jack Steinberger “for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino.” Schwartz died in 2006.
K. Barry Sharpless, chemistry (2001, 2022), earned a Stanford degree: PhD ’68 in chemistry. The Scripps Research Institute professor was cited in 2001 “for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions.” He was cited in 2022 for work with Carolyn Bertozzi of Stanford and Morton Meldal of the University of Copenhagen “for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry.”
Oliver Williamson, economic sciences (2009), held a Stanford degree: MBA ’60. A professor at the University of California, Berkeley, he was cited “for his analysis of economic governance, especially the boundaries of the firm.” He shared the award with Elinor Ostrom. Williamson died in 2020.
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1985. Herbert L. Abrams, professor emeritus of radiology, was a co-founder (1980) and member of that organization. Abrams died in 2016.
The United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) shared the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with former U.S. Vice President Al Gore “for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change.” Six Stanford scholars were lead authors of several major IPPC reports. The Stanford researchers, among roughly 2,000 scientists and policy experts from around the world who have contributed to the IPCC’s work, are Chris Field, professor of biology and of Earth system science; Thomas Heller, professor of law (now emeritus); Michael Mastrandrea, senior research scholar at the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment; Terry Root, senior fellow at the Woods Institute (now emerita); Stephen Schneider (d. 2010), professor of biology and senior fellow at the Woods Institute; and John Weyant, professor (research) of management science and engineering.
The 2022 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to human rights advocate Ales Bialiatski from Belarus, the Russian human rights organization Memorial, and the Ukrainian human rights organization Center for Civil Liberties. The recognition of these human rights organizations is particularly meaningful for the community of fellows at Stanford’s Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law, based at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, who share a personal connection to the leadership of both organizations. Oleksandra Matviichuk, a 2018 graduate of the Ukrainian Emerging Leaders program, is head of the Center for Civil Liberties in Ukraine. Anna Dobrovolskaya and Tonya Lokshina, who graduated from the Draper Hills Summer Fellow program in 2019 and 2005, led Russia-based Memorial before it was forced to close by the Russian government in December 2021.